Define "superheat" in the context of refrigeration systems.

Superheat in refrigeration systems refers to the temperature of the refrigerant vapor above its saturation temperature. Saturation temperature is the temperature at which the refrigerant transitions between liquid and vapor phases at a given pressure. When the refrigerant vapor is heated beyond this saturation point, it is referred to as superheated vapor. Superheat is a critical measurement because it ensures that the refrigerant is in a gaseous state as it enters the compressor, preventing liquid refrigerant from causing damage to the compressor components.

In practical terms, understanding superheat helps technicians assess the performance of the refrigeration system, indicating whether there is enough heat or energy added to the refrigerant after it has evaporated, thus allowing for efficient system operation. Proper superheat levels are essential for both performance and reliability in cooling systems.